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Cyclical Vomiting Syndrome (CVS) is a rare disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of severe vomiting that occur in cycles, with symptom-free intervals in between. These episodes can last from hours to days and may occur unpredictably, often affecting children but also adults. The condition is not associated with any underlying gastrointestinal diseases but is considered a functional disorder.

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Gastroparesis is a condition in which the stomach muscles are weakened or damaged, resulting in delayed gastric emptying. This means that food moves through the stomach and into the intestines more slowly than normal. The condition can lead to a range of digestive symptoms, including nausea, vomiting, and bloating.

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Celiac disease is a chronic autoimmune disorder that occurs when the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the small intestine in response to gluten. Gluten is a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. When a person with celiac disease consumes gluten, it triggers an immune response that damages the villi, the tiny, finger-like projections in the small intestine responsible for nutrient absorption.

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Chronic bloating refers to the sensation of fullness, tightness, or swelling in the abdomen that persists over a long period, often daily or several times a week. It can be accompanied by discomfort, pain, and visible swelling of the belly. Chronic bloating can affect a person's quality of life and may be a symptom of an underlying medical condition.

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A hiatal hernia is a condition in which part of the stomach pushes up through the diaphragm (the muscle that separates the chest from the abdomen) into the chest cavity. The diaphragm has an opening called the hiatus, which allows the esophagus to pass through to the stomach. In the case of a hiatal hernia, part of the stomach bulges through this opening.

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Chronic constipation refers to a long-term condition where a person experiences infrequent, difficult, or painful bowel movements. It can be accompanied by the sensation of incomplete evacuation, bloating, and discomfort. Unlike occasional constipation, chronic constipation persists for several weeks or even longer, and it can significantly impact a person’s quality of life.

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Crohn’s disease is an autoimmune disorder that belongs to the category of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). It causes chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, leading to symptoms like abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss, and fatigue. It is a lifelong condition with periods of flare-ups and remission.

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Barrett's Esophagus is a condition where the normal squamous cells lining the esophagus (the tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach) are replaced by abnormal columnar cells. This change in the lining is usually a response to long-term acid reflux (gastroesophageal reflux disease or GERD), where stomach acid repeatedly irritates the esophagus.

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Chronic diarrhea is defined as diarrhea that persists for four weeks or longer. It can be caused by a variety of underlying conditions and may lead to significant disruption in daily life due to frequent, watery stools. Chronic diarrhea can be a sign of an underlying health issue, and it often requires medical evaluation to determine the root cause.

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Food intolerances refer to difficulty in digesting certain foods, leading to unpleasant symptoms. Unlike food allergies, which involve the immune system, food intolerances do not involve an immune response but are instead related to the digestive system's inability to properly break down or absorb certain food components. The symptoms of food intolerance can be uncomfortable but are generally not life-threatening.

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Diverticulosis and diverticulitis are conditions related to the formation of small pouches, called diverticula, in the walls of the colon.

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A duodenal ulcer is a type of peptic ulcer that occurs in the duodenum, which is the first part of the small intestine, just after the stomach. It is characterized by an open sore or lesion that forms on the inner lining of the duodenum. Duodenal ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between the digestive acids in the stomach and the protective mechanisms in the gastrointestinal tract.

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Gas (Flatulence) refers to the release of excess air or gas from the digestive tract, primarily through the rectum, though it can also be expelled through the mouth (as burping). This process is commonly known as passing gas or farting. It is a normal bodily function, but excessive or uncomfortable flatulence can sometimes indicate digestive issues or other health conditions.

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Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a chronic digestive condition where stomach acid or, occasionally, bile irritates the lining of the esophagus (the tube that connects your mouth to your stomach). This happens when the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), a ring of muscle at the end of the esophagus, relaxes or weakens, allowing stomach contents to flow back into the esophagus. This backward flow of acid, called acid reflux, can cause irritation and damage to the esophageal lining.

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Heartburn and acid reflux are related conditions that involve the backward flow of stomach acid into the esophagus, causing discomfort.

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Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder that affects the large intestine. It's a functional gastrointestinal condition, meaning it affects how the gut works, rather than being caused by structural abnormalities or disease.

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Hemorrhoids are swollen and inflamed veins in the lower part of the rectum and anus. They can be internal (inside the rectum) or external (under the skin around the anus). Hemorrhoids are common and often occur due to increased pressure in the veins from activities such as straining during bowel movements, pregnancy, or sitting for prolonged periods.

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Chronic indigestion, also known as chronic dyspepsia, refers to recurring or persistent discomfort or pain in the upper abdomen. It is a condition that affects the digestive system and is often associated with bloating, nausea, a feeling of fullness, and sometimes heartburn.

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Lactose intolerance is a digestive condition in which the body cannot effectively digest lactose, the natural sugar found in milk and dairy products. This occurs due to a deficiency in lactase, the enzyme produced in the small intestine that breaks down lactose into simpler sugars (glucose and galactose) for absorption into the bloodstream.

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Leaky gut, medically referred to as increased intestinal permeability, is a condition where the lining of the small intestine becomes damaged. This damage allows partially digested food particles, toxins, and bacteria to "leak" through the intestinal wall and enter the bloodstream.

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A peptic ulcer is a sore that develops on the lining of the stomach, the upper part of the small intestine (duodenum), or sometimes the lower esophagus. It occurs when the protective mucous lining of these areas is damaged, allowing stomach acid and digestive enzymes to irritate the tissue.

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SIBO, or Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth, is a condition where an excessive number of bacteria grow in the small intestine, a part of the digestive system that typically has lower bacterial levels compared to the colon (large intestine). This overgrowth can interfere with digestion and nutrient absorption, leading to various gastrointestinal and systemic symptoms.

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Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that primarily affects the large intestine (colon) and rectum. It causes inflammation and ulcers (sores) in the lining of the colon, leading to a variety of symptoms that can range from mild to severe.

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Chronic pancreatitis is a long-term inflammation of the pancreas that leads to permanent damage and impairment of its structure and function. The pancreas is a gland located behind the stomach, responsible for producing digestive enzymes and hormones like insulin. Chronic pancreatitis disrupts these functions, leading to digestive problems and, in severe cases, diabetes.

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Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome (ZES) is a rare condition characterized by the presence of one or more tumors, known as gastrinomas, in the pancreas, duodenum (the first part of the small intestine), or other areas of the digestive tract. These tumors secrete excessive amounts of the hormone gastrin, which leads to overproduction of stomach acid. This, in turn, causes severe peptic ulcers and other gastrointestinal symptoms.