Acne is a common skin condition that occurs when hair follicles become clogged with oil (sebum), dead skin cells, and bacteria. This can lead to inflammation, resulting in pimples, blackheads, whiteheads, or cysts.
Causes of Acne
- Excess Oil Production: Overactive sebaceous glands produce too much oil, clogging pores.
- Clogged Hair Follicles: Dead skin cells can block hair follicles.
- Bacteria: The growth of Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) in clogged follicles can cause inflammation.
- Hormonal Changes: Increased hormone levels, especially androgens, stimulate oil production, leading to acne.
- Other Factors: Diet, stress, genetics, and certain medications or cosmetic products.
Types of Acne
- Blackheads: Open clogged pores with dark appearances due to oxidation.
- Whiteheads: Closed clogged pores that appear white or skin-colored.
- Papules: Small red, inflamed bumps.
- Pustules: Red bumps with pus at the tip.
- Nodules: Large, solid, and painful lumps under the skin.
- Cysts: Deep, painful, pus-filled lumps that can cause scarring.
Common Locations
Acne typically appears on the face, back, chest, and shoulders because these areas have a high concentration of sebaceous glands.
Treatment Options
- Topical Treatments: Benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, retinoids, or antibiotics.
- Oral Medications: Antibiotics, hormonal treatments (e.g., birth control pills), or isotretinoin for severe cases.
- Lifestyle Changes: Gentle cleansing, avoiding harsh skincare products, and maintaining a healthy diet.
If acne is severe or persistent, consulting a dermatologist is recommended.
