Duodenal Ulcer

A duodenal ulcer is a type of peptic ulcer that occurs in the duodenum, which is the first part of the small intestine, just after the stomach. It is characterized by an open sore or lesion that forms on the inner lining of the duodenum. Duodenal ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between the digestive acids in the stomach and the protective mechanisms in the gastrointestinal tract.

The most common causes of duodenal ulcers include:

1. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection: A bacterium that can damage the stomach lining and lead to ulcer formation.
2. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): Prolonged use of NSAIDs like aspirin, ibuprofen, or naproxen can irritate the stomach and duodenum lining.
3. Excessive alcohol consumption and smoking can also contribute to the development of ulcers.

Symptoms of Duodenal Ulcer:

• Abdominal pain: Often described as a burning or gnawing pain in the upper abdomen, usually occurring 2-3 hours after eating or at night.
• Bloating or feeling full.
• Nausea and sometimes vomiting.
• Loss of appetite.
• Weight loss.

Treatment:

• Antibiotics to treat H. pylori infection if present.
• Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) or H2 blockers to reduce stomach acid and promote healing.
• Antacids or other medications to neutralize stomach acid.
• Lifestyle changes like avoiding NSAIDs, reducing alcohol consumption, quitting smoking, and managing stress.

If untreated, duodenal ulcers can lead to complications such as bleeding, perforation (a hole in the duodenum), or gastric obstruction. It's important to seek medical attention if symptoms persist.

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