Lactose Intolerance

Lactose intolerance is a digestive condition in which the body cannot effectively digest lactose, the natural sugar found in milk and dairy products. This occurs due to a deficiency in lactase, the enzyme produced in the small intestine that breaks down lactose into simpler sugars (glucose and galactose) for absorption into the bloodstream.

Symptoms

When undigested lactose passes into the colon, it can cause symptoms such as:

• Bloating
• Gas
• Diarrhea
• Abdominal pain or cramping
• Nausea (sometimes vomiting)

Symptoms typically appear 30 minutes to 2 hours after consuming lactose-containing foods.

Causes

1. Primary lactose intolerance: The most common type, caused by a natural decline in lactase production with age.
2. Secondary lactose intolerance: Can occur due to injury or illness affecting the small intestine (e.g., celiac disease, Crohn’s disease, or gastroenteritis).
3. Congenital lactose intolerance: A rare genetic condition where babies are born with little or no lactase.

Diagnosis

• Lactose tolerance test: Measures blood glucose levels after consuming a lactose-rich drink.
• Hydrogen breath test: Detects hydrogen produced by undigested lactose in the colon.
• Elimination diet: Removing lactose from the diet to see if symptoms improve.

Management

• Avoid or limit dairy products.
• Use lactose-free or lactose-reduced milk and dairy alternatives (e.g., almond, soy, or oat milk).
• Consume lactase enzyme supplements before eating dairy.
• Include calcium and vitamin D-rich foods or supplements to prevent deficiencies.

Foods Containing Lactose

• Milk
• Cheese
• Yogurt
• Butter
• Cream
• Processed foods (like baked goods, sauces, and some candies) may also contain hidden lactose.

If you suspect lactose intolerance, consult a healthcare provider to confirm the diagnosis and ensure proper dietary adjustments.

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