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SIBO

SIBO, or Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth, is a condition where an excessive number of bacteria grow in the small intestine, a part of the digestive system that typically has lower bacterial levels compared to the colon (large intestine). This overgrowth can interfere with digestion and nutrient absorption, leading to various gastrointestinal and systemic symptoms.

SIBO, or Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth, is a condition where an excessive number of bacteria grow in the small intestine, a part of the digestive system that typically has lower bacterial levels compared to the colon (large intestine). This overgrowth can interfere with digestion and nutrient absorption, leading to various gastrointestinal and systemic symptoms.

Symptoms of SIBO:

  • Bloating
  • Abdominal pain or discomfort
  • Diarrhea or constipation (or alternating between the two)
  • Gas or flatulence
  • Malabsorption of nutrients, leading to deficiencies (e.g., Vitamin B12, iron)
  • Unintentional weight loss (in severe cases)
  • Fatigue

Causes of SIBO:

SIBO often results from conditions that disrupt the normal movement of food and bacteria through the digestive system or alter the gut's environment. Common causes include:

  • Motility disorders (e.g., irritable bowel syndrome, diabetes affecting gut nerves)
  • Structural abnormalities (e.g., surgical alterations, small intestinal strictures)
  • Immune deficiencies or chronic illnesses
  • Low stomach acid (due to medications or conditions like gastritis)
  • Dysfunction of the ileocecal valve (between the small and large intestine)

Diagnosis:

SIBO is commonly diagnosed using:

  • Breath tests: Measure hydrogen and methane gases after consuming a sugar solution (e.g., glucose or lactulose).
  • Small bowel aspiration and culture: Direct sampling of the small intestine for bacteria, though less commonly performed due to its invasiveness.

Treatment:

  • Antibiotics: Such as rifaximin or metronidazole to reduce bacterial overgrowth.
  • Dietary changes: Low-FODMAP or specific carbohydrate diets to manage symptoms and limit fermentable foods.
  • Probiotics: In some cases, to restore healthy gut bacteria balance.
  • Addressing underlying conditions: Treating motility disorders, structural issues, or other root causes.

If you suspect SIBO, consult a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and treatment.