Achalasia is a rare disorder of the esophagus (the tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach), characterized by the inability of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) to relax properly. This results in difficulty swallowing, food getting stuck in the esophagus, and other symptoms related to impaired esophageal motility. It is a chronic condition that affects the ability to move food and liquids into the stomach.

Acne is a common skin condition that occurs when hair follicles become clogged with oil (sebum), dead skin cells, and bacteria. This can lead to inflammation, resulting in pimples, blackheads, whiteheads, or cysts.

Acromegaly is a rare hormonal disorder that occurs when the pituitary gland at the base of the brain produces excessive amounts of growth hormone (GH). This overproduction of growth hormone leads to abnormal growth and enlargement of bones and soft tissues, particularly in the hands, feet, and face. Acromegaly typically develops gradually over several years, and many people may not recognize the symptoms initially.

Addiction Management refers to the process of treating and supporting individuals who are struggling with addiction, whether it involves substances (such as drugs or alcohol) or behaviors (such as gambling, eating, or internet use). The goal of addiction management is to help individuals stop or reduce their addictive behaviors, improve their overall well-being, and prevent relapse. Addiction management typically involves a combination of therapeutic interventions, medical care, lifestyle changes, and ongoing support.

Addison's disease is a rare, chronic disorder that occurs when the adrenal glands, located on top of the kidneys, produce insufficient amounts of certain hormones, primarily cortisol and aldosterone. These hormones are essential for regulating various functions in the body, including metabolism, immune response, blood pressure, and stress response.

Adrenal fatigue is a term used to describe a collection of symptoms believed to result from chronic stress and the overproduction of cortisol by the adrenal glands. The adrenal glands, located on top of your kidneys, are responsible for producing hormones such as cortisol, adrenaline, and aldosterone, which help regulate stress, metabolism, immune function, and other essential bodily functions.The concept of "adrenal fatigue" is controversial and not universally accepted in the medical community, as it is not recognized as a formal medical condition. The term is commonly used in alternative medicine to explain a set of symptoms believed to occur when the adrenal glands are overworked due to prolonged stress.

Adult Still's Disease (ASD) is a rare type of inflammatory arthritis that affects adults, although it is more commonly diagnosed in children (as Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis or Still's Disease). It is characterized by systemic inflammation that can affect multiple organs, and it often presents with fever, skin rashes, and joint pain. The exact cause of the disease is not fully understood, but it is thought to be related to an abnormal immune response that leads to inflammation throughout the body.

Agammaglobulinemia is a rare immune disorder characterized by an inability of the body to produce sufficient antibodies (immunoglobulins). This results in a significantly weakened immune system, leaving individuals more susceptible to frequent and severe infections.

Alopecia refers to hair loss from any part of the body where hair normally grows, most commonly the scalp. It can be temporary or permanent and may result from various factors, including genetics, autoimmune disorders, hormonal changes, or external factors like stress or medical treatments.

Alopecia areata is an autoimmune condition that causes hair loss on the scalp and other parts of the body. In this condition, the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the hair follicles, leading to patchy hair loss. It can affect anyone, regardless of age, gender, or ethnicity, though it often begins in childhood or adolescence.

Alzheimer's DiseaseAlzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects memory, thinking, and behavior. It is the most common cause of dementia, accounting for 60-80% of dementia cases. Alzheimer's disease gradually damages the brain, leading to the loss of cognitive functions and eventually the ability to perform daily activities.

Amyloidosis is a rare condition characterized by the abnormal accumulation of a protein called amyloid in tissues and organs throughout the body. Amyloid deposits can disrupt normal function in affected areas, leading to serious health complications. This disorder may be systemic (affecting multiple organs) or localized (affecting one organ or tissue type).

Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease that primarily affects the spine, leading to pain, stiffness, and eventually fusion of the vertebrae. It is a type of spondyloarthritis, which is a group of inflammatory diseases that affect the joints and the places where ligaments and tendons attach to bone (known as entheses). Over time, AS can cause the spine to become less flexible, and in severe cases, it can result in a complete fusion of the spinal bones, which significantly limits movement.

Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) is a chronic, inflammatory autoimmune disease primarily affecting the spine and sacroiliac joints (where the spine meets the pelvis). It causes inflammation in the affected areas, leading to pain and stiffness. Over time, the inflammation can result in the fusion of the spine, which can severely restrict movement and flexibility.

Anti-GBM/Anti-TBM nephritis refers to a type of autoimmune kidney disease where the immune system mistakenly attacks the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and the tubular basement membrane (TBM) in the kidneys. This condition is also known as Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Disease or Goodpasture's Syndrome when it involves both the kidneys and lungs. The presence of anti-GBM antibodies is a key feature of the disease.

Anxiety is a feeling of worry, nervousness, or unease about something with an uncertain outcome. It is a natural and often helpful response to stress or potential danger, but when it becomes excessive, persistent, or irrational, it can lead to an anxiety disorder. Anxiety is a normal part of life that everyone experiences at some point, but for some individuals, it can interfere with daily activities and functioning.

Appetite management refers to strategies and techniques used to control or regulate feelings of hunger and satiety (fullness) in order to maintain a healthy weight or to address specific health or weight loss goals. It involves a combination of behavioral, psychological, physiological, and sometimes medical approaches to help individuals manage their eating habits, reduce overeating, and make healthier food choices.Effective appetite management is important for maintaining a balanced diet, avoiding excessive calorie consumption, and preventing conditions like obesity, diabetes, and other metabolic disorders. It plays a significant role in achieving and sustaining long-term health and wellness.

ArthritisArthritis is a general term for conditions that cause inflammation, pain, stiffness, and swelling in the joints. It affects people of all ages, but it is more common in older adults. There are over 100 different types of arthritis, each with unique causes, symptoms, and treatments.

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition of the airways in the lungs that causes breathing difficulties. It results in episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, which can vary in frequency and severity. Asthma affects people of all ages, but it often starts in childhood.

Athlete's foot, also known as tinea pedis, is a common fungal infection of the skin that typically affects the feet, especially the areas between the toes. It is caused by dermatophyte fungi, which thrive in warm, moist environments such as locker rooms, showers, and sweaty shoes. Athlete's foot is contagious and can spread through direct contact or contact with contaminated surfaces.

Autoimmune Angioedema is a rare condition where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues, leading to episodes of swelling (angioedema) that primarily affect the deeper layers of the skin, often around the eyes, lips, and throat. Unlike typical angioedema, which is usually triggered by an allergic reaction, autoimmune angioedema occurs due to an immune response that doesn't involve an allergen.

Autoimmune dysautonomia refers to a condition where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the autonomic nervous system (ANS), which controls involuntary bodily functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, digestion, and temperature regulation. This results in a range of symptoms that arise from the dysfunction of the ANS.

Autoimmune encephalitis is a rare and serious condition in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the brain, leading to inflammation of the brain tissue. This condition can result from the immune system targeting specific proteins or receptors in the brain, which can interfere with normal brain function.

Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic condition where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the liver, causing inflammation and liver damage. The exact cause is not fully understood, but it is believed to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and immune system factors. Over time, untreated AIH can lead to cirrhosis (scarring of the liver), liver failure, and an increased risk of liver cancer.

Autoimmune Inner Ear Disease (AIED) is a rare condition in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the inner ear, leading to inflammation and damage to the structures responsible for hearing and balance. It is a type of autoimmune disease where the body produces antibodies that target the inner ear, causing progressive hearing loss, tinnitus (ringing in the ears), and sometimes balance problems.

Autoimmune myocarditis is a condition in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the heart muscle (myocardium), leading to inflammation. This inflammation can impair the heart’s ability to function properly, potentially causing a variety of symptoms ranging from mild to life-threatening.

Autoimmune oophoritis is a rare condition in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the ovaries, leading to inflammation and damage. It is a form of autoimmune disease, where the immune system produces autoantibodies against the ovaries, impairing their normal function. This condition can result in a range of reproductive and hormonal issues, as the ovaries are responsible for producing eggs and hormones such as estrogen and progesterone.

Autoimmune orchitis is a rare condition in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the testicles (orchi-), causing inflammation (-itis). The immune system, which normally protects the body from infections and foreign invaders, targets the testicular tissue in autoimmune orchitis, leading to swelling, pain, and potential damage to the testes.

Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a rare type of chronic pancreatitis that occurs when the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the pancreas, leading to inflammation and damage. It is considered a form of autoimmune disease, where the immune system produces autoantibodies that target the pancreas, causing it to become inflamed and impaired.

Autoimmune retinopathy (AIR) is a rare condition where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the retina, which is the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye responsible for vision. This immune response can lead to damage or inflammation in the retina, causing vision problems.

Autoimmune Urticaria is a type of chronic hives (urticaria) that occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues, leading to the release of histamine and other chemicals that cause hives, itching, and swelling. Unlike common forms of urticaria, which may be triggered by allergens or environmental factors, autoimmune urticaria is primarily driven by an autoimmune response, where the body's immune system targets its own skin cells.

Axonal and Neuronal Neuropathy (AMAN) are types of peripheral neuropathies that primarily affect the nerves responsible for transmitting signals between the brain, spinal cord, and the rest of the body. These neuropathies are characterized by damage to the axon or neuron of the nerve cells, leading to a disruption in the proper functioning of the nervous system.

Baló disease is a rare, progressive neurological disorder characterized by inflammatory demyelination (the loss of the protective covering of nerve fibers, called myelin) in the brain and spinal cord. It is considered a variant of multiple sclerosis (MS) and is part of a broader category of demyelinating diseases.

Barrett's Esophagus is a condition where the normal squamous cells lining the esophagus (the tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach) are replaced by abnormal columnar cells. This change in the lining is usually a response to long-term acid reflux (gastroesophageal reflux disease or GERD), where stomach acid repeatedly irritates the esophagus.

Behçet’s disease (also known as Behçet’s syndrome) is a rare, chronic condition that causes inflammation in blood vessels throughout the body. It is considered an autoimmune and inflammatory disorder, where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues, leading to inflammation of blood vessels. The disease can affect multiple organs and systems, including the skin, eyes, mouth, joints, and internal organs.

Benign Mucosal Pemphigoid (Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid) is a rare, chronic autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the mucous membranes, leading to blistering and ulcerations. It is also known as mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) and is classified as a type of pemphigoid, which refers to a group of autoimmune diseases characterized by blistering of the skin and mucous membranes.

Bipolar Disorder is a mental health condition characterized by extreme mood swings that include emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression). These mood swings can affect sleep, energy levels, judgment, behavior, and the ability to think clearly, significantly impacting a person’s daily life and relationships.

Chronic bloating refers to the sensation of fullness, tightness, or swelling in the abdomen that persists over a long period, often daily or several times a week. It can be accompanied by discomfort, pain, and visible swelling of the belly. Chronic bloating can affect a person's quality of life and may be a symptom of an underlying medical condition.

Brain fog is a term used to describe a range of cognitive symptoms that can make it difficult to think clearly, concentrate, or remember things. It often feels like a cloudiness or mental fatigue that hampers your ability to focus or perform everyday tasks. While brain fog is not a medical condition in itself, it can be a symptom of various underlying health issues or lifestyle factors.

Bronchiectasis is a chronic lung condition where the bronchi (the large airways in the lungs) become damaged and widened, leading to difficulties in clearing mucus from the lungs. This buildup of mucus can result in frequent infections, breathing problems, and long-term damage to lung tissue.

Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes, which are the airways that carry air to your lungs. This condition causes irritation and swelling in the airways, leading to symptoms like coughing, mucus production, and difficulty breathing. Bronchitis can be acute or chronic, depending on the duration and underlying causes.

Bruxism is the clenching or grinding of teeth. It's the repeated jaw-muscle activity of the facial or chewing muscles. With bruxism, you grind or clench your teeth, or you may brace or thrust your jawbone (mandible). It's typically not done on purpose.

Bullous pemphigoid is a rare autoimmune skin disorder characterized by the formation of large, fluid-filled blisters (bullae) on the skin, primarily affecting older adults. These blisters typically develop on areas of the body prone to movement or pressure, such as the arms, legs, abdomen, and groin. Unlike some other blistering conditions, the blisters in bullous pemphigoid are generally non-scarring and often cause intense itching.

Bursitis is the inflammation of a bursa, which is a small, fluid-filled sac that acts as a cushion and reduces friction between tissues such as bones, muscles, tendons, and skin. Bursae are found in joints throughout the body, and their function is to prevent wear and tear on the tissues that move across each other. When a bursa becomes irritated or inflamed, it causes pain, swelling, and limited movement in the affected area.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a group of lung diseases that cause airflow blockage and breathing problems. The term COPD includes two main conditions:Chronic bronchitis: Inflammation and irritation of the bronchial tubes (airways), leading to persistent cough and mucus production.Emphysema: Damage to the air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs, causing difficulty in the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.COPD is progressive, meaning it worsens over time, and is typically caused by long-term exposure to irritants that damage the lungs, most commonly cigarette smoke.

CREST syndrome is a limited form of scleroderma, a type of autoimmune connective tissue disorder. It is characterized by a set of symptoms that affect the skin and internal organs. The term "CREST" is an acronym for the five main features of the syndrome:

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is a medical condition that occurs when the median nerve, which runs from the forearm into the palm of the hand, becomes compressed or pinched as it passes through the carpal tunnel in the wrist. This compression can lead to various symptoms, primarily affecting the hand and wrist.

Castleman disease (CD) is a rare and uncommon lymphoproliferative disorder that involves abnormal growth or enlargement of lymph nodes (part of the immune system). It is also known as Castleman’s disease or Castleman’s syndrome.

Celiac disease is a chronic autoimmune disorder that occurs when the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the small intestine in response to gluten. Gluten is a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. When a person with celiac disease consumes gluten, it triggers an immune response that damages the villi, the tiny, finger-like projections in the small intestine responsible for nutrient absorption.

Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder that affects the small intestine and is triggered by the ingestion of gluten—a protein found in wheat, barley, rye, and oats. In people with celiac disease, the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the lining of the small intestine when gluten is consumed, leading to inflammation and damage to the villi (small finger-like projections that line the intestine and are responsible for absorbing nutrients).